How To Install Linux Debian (Server Version) on VMware
System Administrasi | Install + Remote Debian 11.2.0
a. Learning Objectives
The learning objectives carried out in this lab include the following:
Knowing what Linux Debian
Learn how to do installation Linux Debian OS at VWware
b. Learning Materials
This time we will install Linux Debian using Virtual Machines via VMware. Previously we had to install VMware. Debian, also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software and optionally non-free firmware or software developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version of Debian (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993, and its first stable version (1.1) was released on June 17, 1996. The Debian Stable branch is the most popular edition for personal computers and servers. Debian is also the basis for many other distributions that have different purposes, like Proxmox for servers, Ubuntu or Linux Mint for desktops, Kali for penetration testing, and Pardus and Astra for government use.
Minimum Specification Device to using Linux Debian
- Processor : 1 GHz processor (Pentium 4 or later, or equivalent)
- RAM : 512 MB
- Hard disk space : 10 GB of free hard drive space
- Graphics Card : VGA capable of 640x480 resolution
c. Learning Preparation
In studying the discussion of the Debian 11.2.0 installation material in vmware requires some preparation to understand the material, the preparation made to understand the learning is the tools and materials. The tools and materials used in this material that will be used are as follows:
So the tools and materials needed in the Debian 11.2.0 installation experiment using Virtual Machines on VMware Workstation Pro 17:
1. PC/Laptop
2. ISO file for Ubuntu 22.04 installation
3. VMware Workstation Pro 17
d. Installation Process
Here are the steps to install Debian 11.2.0 on VMware:
1. First step Open VMware, then create a new Virtual Machine by clicking Create a New Virtual Machine, a wizard will appear to create a new virtual machine, select Custome (advanced) -> Next.
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2. Next, choose the virtual machine hardware that we have, for example here we choose the most recent hardware version -> Next.
3. Select I will install the operating system later, so that we can install Debian 11 later -> Next.
4. Then in this section we select the Linux option after that the version select Debian 11 -> Next.
5. in this section we can change the name of the virtual machine, for example here we name it free, and if you want to change the location of the file to be saved select Browse then specify. -> Next
6. In this section, input the processor needed to run the virtual machine -> Next
6. Next, specify the ram used by Debian, because there are provisions from the teacher, enter the size according to the provisions, then select Next.
7. Then in this section use a host-only network so that during the Debian installation process there is no need to download unnecessary resources so as to shorten the time-> Next.
8. Then for the next step we choose recommend -> Next.
10. In this section is the size used or provided to install Debian 11, because there is a practice requirement from the teacher, enter the size according to the provisions, namely 75Gb, then select the ->Next option.
11. Then select Browse if you want to move the disk file -> Next.
12. This is the summary of Virtual Machine creation -> Finish
13. Next we need to add the ISO file from Debian 11 -> select CD/DVD (SATA) -> select the Use this option -> then select Browse and search for the ISO file from Debian 11 -> if it is OK.
14. After that, run the virtual machine by selecting Power on this virtual machine
15. Then wait until the loading process is complete, after that insert the cursor into the virtual machine by left-clicking the virtual machine, in the GNU GRUB section select Install using the arrow keys.
16. Select the language that will be used for the installation process here we will use English. then select enter.
17. Then select the Time area that matches our original position, for example here we choose the location of Indonesia, click other -> asia -> Indonesia.
18. Just choose according to your preference, here we will use the United States.
19. Next determine the keyboard layout needed for example we use the American English keymap
20. The install process takes quite a bit of time, you can just wait while brewing tea xixixi.
21. In this section just click go back to the stage where we are asked to configure the network
22. select the configuration network manually.
23. Then we will be directed to enter the ip address, specify the ip address that matches the network we are using. to find out, we can see in the control panel.
24. If the ip has been entered, then the netmask, gateway, and server address name will be filled in automatically. then next.
25. Specify the hostname as desired, this is the identity of our system. then click continue.
26. Make a domain name for the server. The domain name is the part of our internet address to the right of our hostname. It is oftern something that ends in .com, .net, .edu, or .org. For example the domain name is shofi.com.
27. Set a password for root, the system administrative account. A malicious or unqualified user with root access can have disatrous results, so we should take care to choose a root password that is nor easy to guess. The recommended combination of password is combination of upper-case, lower-case, number and symbol.
28. Re-enter the password of root to verify.
29. Create an user account to use instead of the the root account for non-administrative activites. Enter the full name of user account, so enter it with real name. For example shofi.
30. Then enter the username, the username has a rule that cannot use capital letters but can still be combined with numbers. For example shofi.
31. Then fill in the password for the user, with the provisions of 8 digits and it is recommended to combine lowercase letters, capital letters, numbers, and symbols. To be more secure.
32. After that re-verify the user password.
33. In this section, we will choose the time zone that corresponds to our city, for example, western because it is in the Java region.
34. Then on this display is what partition method we will use, select manually because we will divide the partition according to the terms & conditions of practice determined by the teacher then enter.
35. At first, we need to choose the disk that will be partitioned. This is an overview of our currently configured partitions and mount points. So, select a partition to modify its settings, a free space, to create partitions, or device to initialize its partition table.
36. After select the disk, it will be proceed with creating a new partition table on the device, then all current parititons will be removed. So, create new empty partition table by choose Yes.
37. Choose the FREE SPACE partition to create a new partition.
38. Choose there are several option about how to use this free space. Because we want to create a parition manually, so choose Create a new partition.
39. First partition is 20GB > Continue.
40. Choose the type for the new parition. There are two types, Primary (bootable partition, meaning it can be used to start (boot) the operating system) and Logical (subdivision of an extended partition. It is used to overcome the limitation of having only four primary partitions in Master Boot Record). But at first choose Primary.
41. Select the location of the beginning partition.
42. Use as extending 4 journaling file system, if you have click done setting up the partition.
43. Then a new partition will appear that was previously created, Do the same for the next partition.
44. The second partition is 4GB > Continue.
45. Choose the type for the new parition. But the seccond choose Logical.
46. Used as a swap area. If you have click done setting up the partition.
47. Do the same for the next partition. For example, as shown below. The third partition, 25GB, is used as extending 3 with primary partition type. And the last partition is the remaining 31.5GB as extending 2. If so, click finish partitioning and to save the changes to disk.
48. This is the information of the partition that we have created before, if you are sure click yes.
49. We can just skip this section by clicking no, because it is to speed up the installation process then if we have a smooth internet connection,
50. It is recommended to use a mirror network but here because it uses a host only then we just click no to not use a mirror network. and this also clicks no.
51. Then we determine what system software we will install. because in this practice we are asked to use the CLI, so here we choose standard system utilities. for how to choose, just click SPACE and an asterisk will appear. if so, click Enter.
52. Then click yes to install the grub boot loader onto the primary drive.
53. Select the bottom one which is dev/sda
54. The installation process is complete! Click continue to boot our new system.
55. And finally we enter the debian gnu command line page. enter the username that we created earlier and then enter the password from the user. then type the 'su' command to enter root mode. then enter the password from root
56. Enter the 'ip a' command to see if the previously entered ip has been registered(?) or not. can be seen if it is like this then the ip that was previously specified.
57. Next we have to check/update the packet list, but before that we need to ping the network, if the results obtained by the destination host are unreachable, it means we are connected to the internet network.
58. So that we can connect to the internet network, the way we go to the settings tab on the virtual machine after that click Network Adapter then select the Network Connection to Bridge, this aims to connect the virtual machine directly to the physical network used by the host, as if the virtual machine is a physical computer connected directly to the local network.
59. Then we test whether we are connected to the network. The trick is that we ping the network
60. Since we are already connected to the internet, the next step is to type the 'apt update' command to check/update the package list. When this command is executed, the system will download the latest information about available package versions and update the local list. This command does not install or update packages, but only ensures that the list of packages available on the system is up to date.
61. Next type the command 'apt install ssh' used to install the ssh package this allows us to be able to remotely SSH from other devices securely. if there is a question like this click yes.
62. Then wait for the ssh install process to finish. If it is like the picture below, it means that we can remoter the debian server in the PuTTY application.
63. Open the PuTTY application then enter the IP Address that we previously determined on the Debian Server, because we want to remote using SSH then select Connection type: SSH, then click Open to enter the CLI
64. If you trust this host, press 'Accept' to add the key to the PuTTY cache and continue connecting to the debian server.
d. Result
With this, we have successfully installed Debian sever and remote ssh with PuTTY, after that we will try to ping to 8.8.8.8 and kaboom! already can ping and already connected^^
